1 1 Introduction to business management Flashcards by Ngan Nguyen

Key-value stores provide high performance and are often used for simple data models or for rapidly-changing data, such as an in-memory cache layer. Since they offer only a limited set of operations, complexity is shifted to the application layer if additional operations are needed. Do you intend the translation for your personal reminder? However, if this is just a personal guide for you, that’s fine.

Some examples include web servers, database info, SMTP, FTP, and SSH. To ensure high throughput, web servers can keep a large number of TCP connections open, resulting in high memory usage. It can be expensive to have a large number of open connections between web server threads and say, a memcached server. Connection pooling can help in addition to switching to UDP where applicable. This issue is mitigated by setting a time-to-live which forces an update of the cache entry, or by using write-through.

Disadvantage(s): cache

Reverse proxies and caches such as Varnish can serve static and dynamic content directly. Web servers can also cache requests, returning responses without having to contact application servers. Caching improves page load times and can reduce the load on your servers and databases. A document store is centered around documents , where a document stores all information for a given object. Document stores provide APIs or a query language to query based on the internal structure of the document itself. Note, many key-value stores include features for working with a value’s metadata, blurring the lines between these two storage types.

RPC clients become tightly coupled to the service implementation. The server response repeats the steps above in reverse order. Client communication module – OS sends the message from the client to the server. Client stub procedure – Marshals procedure id and arguments into a request message. If the sender does not receive a correct response, it will resend the packets.

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Based on the underlying implementation, documents are organized by collections, tags, metadata, or directories. Although documents can be organized or grouped together, documents may have fields that are completely different from each other. Eventual consistency – the system will become consistent over a period of time, given that the system doesn’t receive input during that period.

• Availability is often quantified by uptime as a percentage of time the service is available.
• You take full responsibility for providing content, uploading directly to the CDN and rewriting URLs to point to the CDN.
• Graph databases are optimized to represent complex relationships with many foreign keys or many-to-many relationships.

Content is uploaded only when it is new or changed, minimizing traffic, but maximizing storage. DNS services have recently come under DDoS attack, preventing users from accessing websites such as Twitter without knowing Twitter’s IP address. Weak consistency works well in real time use cases such as VoIP, video chat, and realtime multiplayer games. For example, if you are on a phone call and lose reception for a few seconds, when you regain connection you do not hear what was spoken during connection loss. Waiting for a response from the partitioned node might result in a timeout error.

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Need to make application changes such as adding Redis or memcached. Refresh-ahead can result in reduced latency vs read-through if the cache can accurately predict which items are likely to be needed in the future. Joining data from two databases is more complex with a server link. Conflict resolution comes more into play as more write nodes are added and as latency increases.

• We’ll review key-value stores, document stores, wide column stores, and graph databases in the next section.
• Your database usually includes some level of caching in a default configuration, optimized for a generic use case.
• Sharding distributes data across different databases such that each database can only manage a subset of the data.
• AnkiApp automatically performs backups and syncs to all your devices, via the cloud.
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Federation adds more hardware and additional complexity. Replication adds more hardware and additional complexity. You’ll need a load balancer or you’ll need to make changes to your application logic to determine where to write.

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Only requested data is cached, which avoids filling up the cache with data that isn’t requested. Since you can only store a limited amount of data in cache, you’ll need to determine which cache update strategy works best for your use case. Wide column stores offer high availability and high scalability.

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Check out the effects of globalization and go over ways Intro To Business Flashcardses are adapting to different markets. Economics & Business Flashcards Use these flashcards to go over different types of economies as well as economic phases. You’ll also be able to review the circular flow of economic activity model. Use these flashcard sets to ensure you have a quality understanding of concepts covered in Business 100. Study for an upcoming test or quiz by boosting your knowledge of business management and leadership, product development and much more. REST is an architectural style enforcing a client/server model where the client acts on a set of resources managed by the server.

A relational database like SQL is a collection of data items organized in tables. Introducing a reverse proxy results in increased complexity. CDN costs could be significant depending on traffic, although this should be weighed with additional costs you would incur not using a CDN. Sites with heavy traffic work well with pull CDNs, as traffic is spread out more evenly with only recently-requested content remaining on the CDN. AP is a good choice if the business needs to allow for eventual consistency or when the system needs to continue working despite external errors.